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Title: November 25, 2025

GRAY ZONE BRIEF 25 NOVEMBER 2025

U.S.:THE NO SHARIA ACT

• Senator Tommy Tuberville (R-AL) believes that radical Islam is the greatest threat to our national security and recently introduced two bills to counter this threat.

• The No Sharia Act (https://www.tuberville.senate.gov/wp-content/uploads/No-Sharia-Act.pdf) would prohibit the application of Sharia in the United States where such application would violate constitutional rights.

• The Preserving a Sharia Free America Act (https://www.tuberville.senate.gov/wp-content/uploads/Preserving-a-Sharia-Free-America-Act.pdf) would amend the Immigration and Nationality Act to include advocacy for Sharia law to be a ground for inadmissibility and deportability.

TTP SUICIDE BOMBERS IM PAKISTAN

**Suicide bombers attack Pakistan paramilitary force in Peshawar** - Two suicide bombers attacked the headquarters of Pakistan’s Frontier Constabulary in Peshawar on Monday, killing at least three officers and wounding two others, police said. One bomber detonated explosives at the entrance, while the other two were shot dead in the parking area before they could reach a parade drill of about 150 personnel, preventing heavier casualties. Police completed the clearance operation and collected DNA samples from the attackers. No group has claimed responsibility, though the Pakistani Taliban (TTP) has been linked to similar assaults.

ISRAEL: OCTOBER 7 SCAPEGOATS

**In first, IDF chief Eyal Zamir punishes commanders, generals for October 7 failures **- IDF Chief of Staff Lt.-Gen. Eyal Zamir has issued the first formal disciplinary actions against senior officers for failures during Hamas’s October 7 attack. Three former top commanders, including ex-intelligence chief Aharon Haliva, were expelled from reserve service, while current intelligence head Maj.-Gen. Shlomi Binder received only a reprimand, allowing him to remain in post. Air Force and Navy chiefs were also reprimanded but retained. No political leaders have resigned over the events. The move marks Zamir’s effort to impose accountability while reshaping the IDF’s command structure.

SYRIA: DAESH/ISIS CAMPS

**ISIS Prisons and Camps Are Festering in a Fragile Syria as Aid Peters Out **- In northeastern Syria’s Al Sina prison, thousands of hardened Islamic State militants are held under extreme isolation to prevent another deadly uprising. With a new administration in Damascus and Kurdish-led forces under pressure, the sprawling network of prisons and camps has become increasingly unstable. Around 30,000 IS wives, children, supporters and others live in these facilities; U.S. aid cuts totaling $117 million have worsened conditions, heightening risks of radicalization and unrest. Officials warn that IS is exploiting chaos and poverty to rebuild its networks inside the camps, where indoctrination of children and organized violence continue. Commanders fear another major prison break could reignite the group’s resurgence.

YEMEN

**Houthi court in Yemen hands down death sentences to 17 people accused of spying

**- A Houthi-run court in Sanaa sentenced 17 people to death on charges of espionage for the United States, Israel, and Saudi Arabia, according to the rebel-controlled SABA news agency. The defendants were accused of sharing intelligence that led to strikes on military and civilian sites. Two others received 10-year prison terms, and one was acquitted. The verdict, which can be appealed, is part of a wider Houthi crackdown on alleged collaborators, including U.N. staff and aid workers. Rights groups have condemned such trials as politically motivated and lacking due process.

NIGER

**Al Qaeda-linked militants kill at least 10 soldiers in Niger, sources say **- At least 10 Nigerien soldiers were killed in an attack by al Qaeda-linked Jama’at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM) fighters, according to local sources cited by Reuters. The assault targeted a military convoy in Niger’s western region, where jihadist violence has surged in recent years. While the government has not yet issued a formal death toll, the incident highlights the growing threat posed by militant groups operating near the country’s borders.

PAKISTAN & AFGHANISTAN

**Pakistani forces step up raids near the Afghan border, killing 23 militants **- Pakistani security forces killed 23 militants in raids on two Pakistani Taliban hideouts in Kurram district, near the Afghan border, on Wednesday. The operation, part of a broader counterterrorism campaign in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, followed earlier raids that killed 38 militants. Authorities described the dead as “Khawarij,” a term used for fighters allegedly backed by Afghanistan and India—claims both nations deny. Separately, a roadside bomb in Dera Ismail Khan killed two police officers on Thursday. The Pakistani Taliban (TTP), emboldened since the Afghan Taliban’s 2021 takeover, continue cross-border operations despite a fragile, Qatar-brokered ceasefire with Kabul.

ISW Key Takeaways:

• Israel’s Strike on Hezbollah: The IDF killed Hezbollah’s “de facto chief of staff” and senior commander Haitham Ali Tabatabai in Beirut’s southern suburbs on November 23. Tabatabai’s death will likely disrupt Hezbollah’s reconstitution for a short period because of Tabatabai’s significant experience at many echelons of command in fighting against Israel and engaging with Hezbollah’s Syrian partners. CTP-ISW has identified multiple ways in which Hezbollah may respond to Israel’s killing of Tabatabai.

• LAF Disarmament: An unspecified senior IDF official told Israeli media on November 24 that the IDF must work to degrade Hezbollah to a point where the LAF is militarily stronger than Hezbollah, which would presumably enable the LAF to disarm it with greater ease. IDF officials told Israeli media on November 24 that Israel is on the verge of launching a ”short, preemptive operation” to deter Hezbollah and degrade the group’s capabilities.

• Sectarian Violence in Syria: Unknown actors attempted to instigate sectarian conflict between Sunnis and Alawites in Homs City, but the responses of local security forces and residents contained the violence and prevented its spread or intensification.

• Iraqi Government Formation: Iraqi Sunni political parties are continuing intra-ethnic negotiations regarding government formation, including the election of the parliament speaker. Progress Party leader Mohammad al Halbousi is reportedly negotiating alliances with other Arab-majority Sunni political parties and will be elected as parliament speaker.

Pray.

Train.

Stay informed.

Build resilient communities.

—END REPORT